直指寺 所藏 佛書의 書誌的 硏究

Abstract

This study attempts a bibliographic analysis on the Buddhist books of Jikji-sa(直指寺). This study is composed of the history of Jikji-sa, the formation of Temple-Library of Jikji-sa, and the analysis of the books of Jikji-sa's possession. To refer to the history of Jikji-sa, it was built by Ado-hwasang in the second year of Nulji's reign of Shilla(418). Later on, it was restorated under the patronage of Wanggeon(王建), the first King of the Koryo Dynasty. After that, in those days of Japanese invasion of 1592, it became one of the greatest 8 temples in Korea, for Saint Samyeong(泗溟大師) meritorious services. Currently, it is a head temple of the 8th parish of Jogyejong(曹溪宗), commanding up to 54 temples. The Temple-Library of Jikji-sa consists of 511 kinds of books, including 231 kinds owned by Jijki-sa itself, 274 kinds transferred from branch temples such as Gimlyong-sa(金龍寺), Yongmun-sa(龍門寺), Bugjang-sa(北長寺), Gobang-sa(高方寺), Sangju-pog yodang (尙州布敎堂), 6 kinds found in the center of the Jijangbosal's chest.(地藏菩薩 腹藏). The bibliographic catalog of books of Jijki-sa(all 511 kinds) was made, and 175 kinds except those of which the publication dates were unknown or those which were added copies, were analyzed. The facts that were found in this study are listed below. 1. 175 kinds of books of Jikji-sa consist of 85 kinds owned by Jikji-sa itself, 86 kinds transferred from five branch temples, and 4 kinds found in the center of the Jijangbosal's chest. They are classified as Myobeobyeonhwagyeong(112 kinds), Daebanggwang-bulhwaeomgyeong (57 kinds), Yenyeomitadolyangchambeob (3 kinds), Seog ssi -wonlyueunghwasajeog(2 kinds), Sulyugmuchapyeongdeungjaeuichwalyo (1 kind), And 7 kinds were published in 15th century, 25 kinds in 16th century, 113 kinds in 17th century, 29 kinds in 18th century, and 1 kind in 19th century. 2. Myobeobyeonhwagyeong 112 kinds are composed of 89 kinds in Queen Jeonghui style, 13 kinds in Seong-dalsaeng calligraphic style, 6 kinds in movable type style, and in 4 kinds Songgwangsa-eumyeogbon style. Among these Myobeobyeonhwagyeong, reprints of Queen Jeonghui style are numerous in number, because those reprints are traditional large characters style of writing of buddhist-books added by Anjingyeong's(顔眞卿) style, and also an illustration of Buddha preaching(變相圖) is based on the type of Gangyeongdogam(刊經都監). Among these books, Jik425 Myobeobyeonhwagyeong is the best in shape of wood engraving, and Jik378 is known this time for the first time while it was published at Geoncheon-sa(乾川寺) in Hwanggan(黃澗) in the first year of Hyojong's reign(1649). As the woodblock-printed books published by Jikji-sa,. there exist reprinted editions published in the year of Hyeonjong's and Sugjong's reign, including 66 copies published by Jang-yongik(張龍翼) for the memories of his dead son in the fifth year of Hyeonjong's reign(1664). Among Myobeobyeonhwagyeong of Seong -dalsaeng calligraphic style, Jik534-535 are the first edition published at Ansim-sa(安心寺) in the fifth year of Taejong's reign(1405), written beautifully in the medium characters of unique style by Seong-dalsaeng(成達生) and Seong-gae(成槪) brothers, and now are the 1306th national treasure. The reprinted edition of Ansimsa-edition, Jijangbosal 1 was published in the third year of Sejo's reign(1457) donated by Idal(李達) and sugin sangju Gimssi(淑人 尙州 金氏). Among Myobeobyeonhwagyeong of movable type style, there exist Kapinja style and Eulhaega style. Gimlyongl4 was revised at Jogwichang (趙貴唱), Jeongdolbi(정돌비) of Chungnam Seocheon Narnmyeon(忠南 舒川南面) in the 6th year of Seonjo's reign(1573), and was sent to Ssang-sa(雙寺) in Eunjin(恩津). It was rare case that a printing block was revised in a private house and sent to the temple later. Among Myobeobyeonhwagyeongs of Songgwangsa-eumyeogbon style, Jik694-695 are the first-edition of eumyeogbon style published at Songgwang-sa(松廣寺) in Suncheon(順天) in the 23rd year of Jeongjo's reign (1799), and have different format from other Beobhwagyeong(法華經) editions. A Buddhist priest Yonghwaseohong(龍華瑞弘) translated Chinese writing into Korean. 3. Daebanggwangbulhwaeomgyeong 57 kinds consist of Hwaeomgye-ong 1 kind, Hwaeomgyeongso 13 kinds, Hwaeomgyeongsocho 25 kinds, and Hwaeomhyeondarrnhoehyeongi 18 kinds. Hwaeomgyeongso was engraved in Hangchow(杭州)of Song dynasty and imported, and was published several. times and distributed. Later it was flown out to Japan in the 6th year of Sejong's reign(1424). After that, most of them were distributed as a form of reprints. As remaining woodblock-printed books, there were only two types of reprints series, Gwijin-sa(歸進寺) edition in times of Myeongjong's reign and Song-gwang-sa edition in times of Injo's reign. This study proved there were two more types of reprints series, Yongbok-sa(龍腹寺) edition in times of Injo's reign and Yeonggak-sa(靈覺寺) edition in times of Sugjong's reiign. There are three styles of Hwaeomgyeongsocho at Jikji-sa. The first one was published in cooperation with southern temples when Baegam-Seongchong(栢庵性聰) engraved Jinggwang-sa(澄光寺) edition, and the second one was published at Beomeo-sa(梵魚寺) supervised by Saint HowoI(晧月禪師), which was the supplement of the ommitted edition among Jinggwang-sa edition. The last one was published at Yeonggal-sa by Seolpa-Sangeon(雪坡尙彦) when the Jinggwang-sa edition was burned. Pen names of the Hwaeom founders of a religious sect such as Sangbong(霜峰), Yeongwol(影月), Yeongpa(影波), Namak(南嶽), Gwalheo(括虛) who worked in the later Chosun dynasty, were written on the covers of these Hwaeomgyeongsocho and there were many woodblock-printed books series. In view of these facts, it shows that Jikji-sa was the main temple of Hwaeomjong (華嚴宗). Gimlyong128 of Hwaeomhyeondamhoehyeongi seems to be reprinted by Mingwan(敏寬) based on Ssanggye-sa(雙溪寺) edition at Jikji-sa in the 12th year of yeongjo's reign(1732). 4. Among the rest of books, Yenyeommitadolyangchambeob which was reprinted at Haein-sa(海印寺), using the 5th edition of Seongjong's reign in the 9th year of Yeonsangun's(燕山君) reign, was designated as the 1241th treasure in spite of its reprints, because it maintained good shape.