우리나라 上·下水處理施設의 效率化 方案

Abstract

영문초록 포함|Generally in cases of electric power, communication and water work, there exists an economy with successive diminution of long-term average cost. There are classified as a circumstantial monopoly undertaking due to difficulties in competition for technological reasons. There are different types of operation method such as public enterprise type in cases of natural monopoly, private enterprise type with government regulations, pre-contract competition system and competition system after coming under private managements. Korean water supply and sewerage treatment facilities are classified as district public enterprise of natural monopoly. Contestable market type competition is introduced in cases of communication industries due to technological innovations, and in cases of electric and water work, multiple business competition of one enterprise system is being introduced. Effective management program is searched through comparative analysis of problems concerning district public enterprises and private entrusted contract forms following private management method in order to search for administration program of Korean water supply and sewerage treatment facilities. Promotion of economic effectiveness has to be obtained through competition by private departments taking charge of the corporate managements, which is the basic objective of private managements, similar to the conclusion following the analysis results, but competitive principles can not be inducted because of it's economical scale. Because of natural monopoly, perfect private management is impossible, but in partial private management, there are several cases showing regulations for public benefits occurring concurrently. Water supply and sewerage treatment facilities managed by utility works have a strong public beneficial characteristics which is considered to be a good method of producing goods for public enterprises, but due to occurrence of intrinsic problems of public enterprise such as problems of investments, quality controls, organization and social structures, there needs to be reformations or public enterprise+regulation plan. There needs to be reformations such as the following in order to maintain public enterprise form while complementing problems of the officials. First, economic and effective management is possible by rational placement of technicians and elimination of personnel reshuffling which will implant ownership to those concerned. Second, there are possible ways by establishing investment facilities similar to the MES, which is the main government investment facility of the state Iowa of the United States, to overall manage environmental problems or by establishing maintenance management, facilities construction and entrusted management facilities like those of japan's Sewerage industries, or by establishing joint public government investment type to install and manage water supply and sewerage treatment facilities. Third, by allowing technician with experiences in maintenance management to participate in planning and construction, ineffective and costly modifications on facilities can be prevented. Fourth, because water supply and sewerage treatment facilities concern large part of an economy, establishment of integrated body unit or cooperative close-district body to jointly operate these facilities or even establishment of separate department by district is needed. Fifth, the realization of cost, which is the fundamental cease concerning financial affairs, has to be achieved. Actions of individuals or enterprises influencing other individuals or enterprises that pass their responsibilities of environmental pollution to social cost has to be fundamentally isolated. And also because of not paying for the use of environmental, the over-usage of environmental materials which is the fundamental cause of pollution has to be reduced. Water supply and sewerage cost has to be realized following polluter defrayment principle which ensures one to pay for their pollution emissions. The application cost of water supply and sewerage usage has to be operated and concluded in the public beneficial point of view. But, there are difficulties that can not be changed under the current system such as change of innovative awareness, management awareness and introduction of competitive system. There are private entrusted management method and perfect private management+regulations for private management method of Korea water supply and sewerage treatment facilities. First, private entrusted management plan of water works and sewage treatment facilities by the people's government is a good method in recovering ineffectiveness of organizations rather than solving problems of investments, but produces problems for public benefits. Second is the liberalization. Franchise competition, meaning pre-competition in monopoly is preferred for competition methods. Problems mentioned above can be solved by selecting franchise competition. Subjugation of problems, in cases of competitive introduction of private entrusted management or after perfect private management is possible. Third, By ordering part of treatment facilities managed by works to compete with the current system or by ordering all of treatment facilities to different enterprises by category to compete is a good idea, and effective operation of facilities or decrease of necessary sum can be expected. Finally, the government has to give it's best efforts in order to ensure public benefits that can be obtained through operating pubic enterprises by achieving low cost, guarantee of high water supply innovations and regulations.