미국의 동북아 전략 변화에 따른 한미 동맹전략 발전방향 연구

Abstract

New international order of the beginning of 21century has a increasing uncertainty than the age of cold war because of unoptimistic factor like nationalism eruption, religious conflict, trade dispute, environment problems, boundary dispute and nuclear proliferation that threatens worldwide peace and stabilization. As international order changes, Northeast asian order also seems to show supernation united states multipolarization appearances but having unstandardized appearance showing two condition of friction between korean, american, japanese support system and Chinese, Russian, North Korean reconstructed cooperation system. The fact that international order and north east asian order forming virtually flux and uncertain international relations made security environments harder to the politically, militarily weaker nations compared to powerful countries. cold war has ended in a global view but theres still political, military, territorial legacies of cold war left in the Northeast asia. while strategy structurally 4 power nations around korean peninsula holds stronger military than in any other region in the world, armaments in the area keeps on growing. because of the korean peninsulas geopolitical, special strategic security environment these situation may cause the peninsula to central place of conflict and collision and aspect can appear variously by our security policy. therefore this paper will diagnosis neighboring countries policy and korean peninsulas security menace factors according to the american northeast asian security order plan ,and we will also study about the situation and role of South korea-U.S. alliance which is a korean peninsulas security entity and desired developmental suggestions of south korea-U.S. alliance. When you look at the features of security environment at the northeast asia the region is a strategic stage with economical potential and political influence, it has increasing confusion of transitional period and uncertainty. although with politically peacemaking atmosphere and military tension easing the regions tension and unstability remains ,it is because the region with facing 4 power nations interests directly the nations wont change the position to keep the existing strategic advantages. Therefore with attempts of approach to ease the tension the essential strategic competition will be continued. Following to the idea ,United States main strategy to northeast Asia is to embrace Japan and siege China. For this idea they will move the central axis of defense policy to asia and lower dependence of front arrangements including the base of overseas and for replacement they will reduce the weight of forces and increase mobility to strengthen military strength. For China they will choose the blockade strategy that they used during the cold war to block the soviets southward advance to keep the growth across asia. For Japan they will develop solid alliance between each other and promote strategy against China and Russia using the complementary profit that two nations share. And for Russia they will use the strategy to turn politically pro-western and develop strategic partnership in the military way to restrain China and prevent them from re-arising to the influence of United States. Security environmental changes in the Northeast asia around korean peninsula can be estimated by new order lead by United States, stimulate of regions supremacy policy, existence of local conflict factors and steady build up of military strength. changes in the security environment displays dual appearance of causing new conflict between the nation within the area and on the other side made them find new partnership at the same time. When we look at the security threats of neighboring nations at this point of view, First, sudden changes in the composition of strategies will lead to unspecific potential threats. Second, changes in the policy and relations of powerful countries may cause sensitive influence on the existence and stability of Korea. Third, it is certain that new conflicts may be caused due to continuous arms race of the region. Fourth, In wide areas security threat factors can develop in to variety of conflicts such as troubles in resources and boundaries on land and ocean, economical conflicts, ethnical conflicts. Also even though facing each other at the moment South-North Korean relationships are to develop into settlement and peaceful coexistence named 'sunshine policy', new turnover is no more than emphasizing endless optimistic aspect of future foresight. These factors of threat and neighboring 4 power nations uncertainties of policy on korean peninsula made our security environment harder with its geopolitical specialty. When we look at the strategies for this point, first to maintain solid Korea-United States Alliance system we should keep an eye on United States 'alliance choice standard' to make condition for both country to share the profits, and for Japan we have to overcome the unavoidable environment of discord and conflict on the emotional side and both countries should go on honeymoon focusing on the future than the past and maintain strategic partnerships for stability and national interests. Also for China and Russia, in political, military, economical area we should keep friendly neighborly relations with China and long-term effort to enhance relations with Russia under the recognition of korean peninsulas geographical environment as well as realities of security and strategic goal. Based on this we should seek to build up security cooperation system between the Northeast asian nations and in a long term put an effort to get at least ability to control military use of neighboring power countries.