初等學校 學校給食制度의 變遷과 運營實態 分析에 관한 硏究

Abstract

This study was intended to provide basic materials for the design of school lunch program by investigating the changes of school lunch program implemented in elementary school and the actual state of its operation. As a result of analysing the actual condition of school lunch program operation, the following conclusion was drawn: First, the process of changes in school lunch program can be divided into the period of its support(1953-1972), the period of its independence(1973-1977), the period of its establishment(1978-1983), the transitional period of its management system(1984-1990), and the period of its take-off to development (1991-the present). 98.9% of the elementary schools in Korea are implementing their school lunch program as of July, 1998. Second, school lunch should be provided for children with a view to allowing them to maintain their balanced eating life through the school lunch program in elementary school. They also need systematic nutritional education related to the school lunch program. Third, the school lunch program department, the department in exclusive charge of the school lunch program, should be established in the Ministry of Education and municipal and provincial office of education. For the purpose of the full-scale expansion of the school lunch program to localities in the 2000s, the long-and short-term policy for it should be established, and the department independently in exclusive charge of the affairs related to the school lunch program alone should be established in the local office of education as well as the Ministry of Education, the government agency, in order to provide a foundation for the extension of the school lunch program to middle, high schools, kindergartens and the like in the future. And the specialist should be allowed to plan, manage and operate the school lunch program in preparation for its expanded implementation and operation. Fourth, it is necessary to vitalize the committee and sponsors' association for the school lunch program. The committee for the school lunch program is made up of 7 to less than 15 members, but its function is actually not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to elevate the autonomy of the committee for the school lunch program and establish the effective support system for the school lunch program. The member of the committee for the school lunch program should be schoolchildren's parents, judicial persons, groups or individuals. Since it is made up of schoolchildren's parents at present, and operated by them, it should be revitalized by improving the guidelines for the operation of the sponsors' association for the school lunch program. Fifth, with the rapid expansion of the school lunch program for the recent years, 40% of the elementary schools in Korea are presently providing school lunch for their schoolchildren in the environment inappropriate in terms of facility and equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the plan capable of providing school lunch for children on a stable basis through financial support. Sixth, the school lunch program is an important process that is implemented to improve children's health and physique. The school authority should strive to provide stable school lunch by reinforcing administrative and financial support for sanitation management in relation to the school lunch program. Seventh, the method to receive school lunch charges through financial institutions was most used by elementary schools as the current method to receive school lunch charges. Since the method of receipt through financial institutions is most desirable as the future method to receive school lunch charges. The scheme for translating its ideas into action is required to consider. Eight, the nutrition teacher system to obligate nutrition teachers to take exclusive charge of nutrition education is needed for nutrition education through the school lunch program to be efficiently accomplished. The current system makes it impossible to train teachers to specialize in food nutrition. Accordingly, relevant laws should be revised to revitalize nutrition education, and a given percentage of graduates in the department of food nutrition should be made to be able to acquire the certificate of qualification for teachers after they complete the course composed of subjects needed for the leaching profession. Ninth, in spite of the fact that it is necessary to improve quality as the staff in exclusive charge of the school lunch program in relation to the pre-service job and on-the-job training for nutritionists, pre-service job training and education and OJT(on-the-job training) are insufficiently provided for nutritionists working in elementary schools. Accordingly, a diversity of programs for their pre-service job training and on-the-job training should be considered.