初等學校 擔任敎師의 指導性 類型과 兒童 不安과의 關係 硏究

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify what leadership type front-line teachers would have to use to achieve class management, learning effect and educational goal by investigating the effect that the leadership type of the elementary teacher in charge had on children's anxiety. For this purpose, the study questions were set as follows : First, what difference is there in the perception of the teacher's leadership type according to the factor of children's background(area, school year and gender). Second, what difference is there in general anxiety and examination anxiety according to the factor of children's background(area, school year and gender). Third, what difference is there in general anxiety and examination anxiety according to children's degree of perception on teachers' leadership type. To resolve the above study questions, the following method and procedure were selected : First, this study attempted to search for theoretical inquiries and previous studies on anxiety as well as the theory on teachers' leadership found in the literature. Second, it made an investigation into the leadership type of the teacher in charge perceived by children and the level of children's anxiety through the questionnaire research method. Third, 355 children in the 5th and 6th grades were randomly sampled from 5 elementary schools located in Kyonggi Province and under the jurisdiction of the Jungbu Agency of Education in Seoul. Then they were asked to complete their questionnaires which were distributed to them 318 questionnaires were returned and treated by the computer using such test methods as t-test and ANOVA(Analysis of variance) test. Base upon the study results, this study drew the following conclusion : First, it was found that in terms of area children in Seoul perceived the teacher's leadership type to be task-oriented, that in terms of school year children in the 6th school year did so than counterparts in the 5th school year and that in terms of gender schoolboys did so than schoolgirls. Children in Kyonggi province, 5th graders, and schoolgirls perceived the teacher's leadership type to be human harmony-oriented. Second, teachers' leadership type was found to have a great effect on the level of children's anxiety. That is, when the teachers' leadership type was oriented to human harmony, the level of children's anxiety dropped. This result was true of both general anxiety and examination anxiety. Third, schoolgirls showed the higher gap of anxiety in both human harmony-oriented leadership and task-oriented leadership than schoolboys, but the teacher in charge exhibiting the leadership type oriented to human harmony can reduce the gap of general anxiety between schoolboys and schoolgirls.