무배우 여성 고령세대주의 주택소유특성에 관한 연구

Abstract

United Nations:(UN) defines that aged society has more than 14% and super society has more than 20% of aged people more than 64 years old. To be an aged society means not only that the older people increase but also that the younger people decrease. It leads to increase the cost of welfare service for aged people and the change of industrial structure with decreasing working population at the same time. The result of 2005 census by Korea National Statistical Office shows that aged people more than 64 years old is on average of 9.3 % in whole country, 5.3% in all cities except Ulsanand 10.9～17.7% in rural community. We are now on aging and aged society. Also, the result shows that aged females who live alone are on 78.8% in 65～69, 83.9% in 70～74, 86.1% in 75～79 and 85.1% in 80～84 years old. When we see the percentage of aged people more than 64 years old who live alone, the ratio of females is higher than that of males as they are getting older and older. Females' aging has currently been more serious than males' aging in Korea. Along with aging, the female-aged living in solitude without a spouse appears conspicuously to be a new social problem. A recent study shows that many aged people are in poverty due to the rise of real estate price and older age. Generally, homeowners who are male, are educated at higher level than a juniorcollege, are married, and live in the capital city area have less probability of poverty than ones who are female, unmarried, divorced, separated, bereaved and live in non-capital area. The other study also mentions that in the past of 20 years, homeownership percentage of aged householders who have spouse is little changed but that of aged householders who live alone is continuously decreased. The other study shows that there is relatively less probability of poverty when they have more families. The result of regression analysis to homeownership characteristics shows that non-aged people less than 65 years old have high probability to own houses as being older, male and having spouse, more lineal descendents. It is a social issue together with the problem of aged females who live alone. Aged householders are in the higher ratio of homeownership than general householders but it appears that spouseless aged group has in higher ratio of no homeownership under the analysis of class within aged people. This paper has three different viewpoints from existing studies on homeownership characteristics. First, homeownership characteristics of people less than 65 and more than 64 years old. Second, homeownership characteristics of people less than 65 years old who have spouse or not. Third, homeownership characteristics by aged male and female householders more than 64 years old. According to the result of regression analysis Firstly, non-aged people less than 65 years old who are older,are male, have more families and live with spouse have a higher probability to own their houses and aged people more than 64 years old who are male and live with spouse have a higher probability but they have lower probability as being getting older. Secondly, the non-aged people without spouse who are older, are female and have more families have higher probability to own their houses. Thirdly, for aged people more than 64 years old, aged males who live with spouse have higher probability of homeownership. Meanwhile, aged females have lower probability as being getting older. This is caused by advanced age of females. These results can be interpreted in two ways. First, a house initially belongs to a male, which means that it is not significant whether a female has a spouse or not. Second, the aged male might not be affected by age. As the result, aged females who are older and have no spouse are in low probability. In addition, regression coefficient shows minus (-) direction of 'age' variable and plus(+) direction of the number of 'lineal descendents' in aged female householders more than 64 years old. The house as real estate is one of general commodities and also very expensive goods. Even though it is necessary to reflect various demand and type of consumers in the market, there is a tendency towards housing supply in quantity up to date. It means that current housing policy is not centered on housing preference and hierarchy of the demand but housing supply. In the future, housing policy for the aged society should be made in line with hierarchy of demand in sub-region subject to house segmentation to meet characteristics of diverse sub-region and specific party as classifying more similar and smaller group of consumers and approaching market segmentation on the basis of age, sex, income, attitude, preference, taste and behavior and so on. This paper has limited effect to analyze 'income variable' which is resulted from the shortage of data and no way to classify homeownership where the house is located at city or country. In the future, the analysis on homeownership in the sub-regions is to be made through the supplement of data.