몬테소리 프로그램 幼稚園 幼兒와 一般 프로그램 幼稚園 幼兒의 行動 特性 比較 硏究

Abstract

This study aimed to probe an ideal program for early childhood education by attempting to compare the behavioral characteristics between children attending the Montessori-program kindergarten and the general-program kindergarten on the basis of teachers' perceptions. To attain this goal, the following study questions were set: First, is there a significant difference on children's behavioral characteristics between children enrolled in the Montessori program and those enrolled in the general program when children's behavioral characteristics are judged by teachers' perceptions according to gender? Second, is there a significant difference on children's behavioral characteristics between children enrolled in the Montessori program and those enrolled in the general program when children's behavioral characteristics are judged by teachers' perceptions according to age? In order to resolve the above study questions, the questionnaire research was conducted. Data from the returned questionnaires were statistically treated using the SAS(Statistical Analysis System) program. Mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) were calculated to investigate a difference on children's behavioral characteristics. The degree of significance was tested at the levels of P<.05, p<.01, and P<.001 by conducting a t-test. Based upon the study results, the following conclusion was drawn: First, the difference on behavioral characteristics in male children had a higher mean in the Montessori-method kindergarten than it was in the general-program kindergarten. Especially, it was found that as for law-observance and cooperativeness, the Montessori method was effective for male children Second, upon the study results, the following conclusion was drawn: First, the difference on behavioral characteristics in female children had a higher mean in the general-program kindergarten than it was in the Montessori-method kindergarten. This indicates that the type of the educational program in the kindergarten does not have a special effect on children's behavioral characteristics because female children have a more accepzstable and autonomous attitude than male children. Third, it was found that children in Montessori-program kindergarten had a higher mean in the difference on behavioral characteristics of 4-year old children than those in the general-program kindergarten. This indicates that educational materials used in the Montessori method in the prepared environment positively acted on children's behavioral characteristics through their specific and sensory manipulation. Fourth, the difference on behavioral characteristics such as cooperativeness and sociality in 5-year old children had a higher mean in the Montessori-method kindergarten than it was in the general-program kindergarten. This was a new fact that the Montessori method cultivates children's cooperativeness and sociality. Fifth, it was found that children in Montessori-program kindergarten had a higher mean in the difference on behavioral characteristics of 6-year old children than those in the general-program kindergarten. This indicates that the Montessori method has a direct relationship to the problem-solution and the logical thinking behaviorally represented among children as their age increases. Six, it was found that children in Montessori-program kindergarten had a higher mean in the difference on overall behavioral characteristics than those in the general-program kindergarten but had a lower standard deviation. It is because teachers in the Montessori program consistently perform the Montessori method. Children in the general kindergarten showed a high standard deviation. It indicates that the instructional method for children greatly varied between teachers in the general kindergarten regardless of their educational level. Taken altogether, the Montessori method based on experiences is both a separate learning method and a mental training that allows children to reproduce their potential ability. It is a learning method to assist children in improving their ability to concentrate, observe, control and judge that underlies cognitive learning, Therefore, this study results reveal that the Montessori method had a great effect on children's behavioral characteristics by allowing them to work freely according to the educational method specified on teaching tools or educational materials.