基督敎 敎育의 歷史的 考察로 본 敎會의 靑少年 指導에 관한 硏究

Abstract

This study aims to in quire into the historic process of the evolution of Christianity and make a theoretical inquirly into the traits of adolescents and problems in the church guiclance of adolescents and their improvements through descriptive research to grope for them. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: Firstly, Christian education should be prophetic education from a eschatalogical perspective, deal with the stages of religious resolution and conversion at individual level, include the solidarity of the community consisting of believers at a church level, and be the service and rearing that enable adolescents to realize their moral and ethical values at the social level. As the role of Christian education is to allow people to teacher and be taught the attitude toward life as Christians, it has proceeded to run in it own way in the situation of the time and under the regional background The Biblical background of Christian education can be divided into the age of the Old Testament and that of the New Testament. The age of the Old Testament is divided into the ages before and after the captive era, when the form of education was performed revolving around the home and chapels, and the contents of education was respect for parents and admire for God. The Christian education in the age of the New Testament developed in the more systematical way than the educational way of in the age of the Old Testament, and in the age of the New Testament, the Christian education was changed from cramming in the age of the Old Testament to catechistic education. Secondly, in relation to the historic evolutional process of religious education, Christian education in the age of the Old Testment did not assume a given form and parents, priests and prophets adolescents contacted in their common lives interpret and spoke for God's words. The chrisition education of adolescents in the age of the New Testament was teaching and training them in a form of sermons at the times of Jesus Christ and in a dogmatically and ethically elaborate system in the latter part of the age of the New Testament, where by adolescents was educated to lead a Christian life. The Christian education of the Reformation came to develop the thought of egalitarianism education and humanistic education as people's spiritual lives came to reach the situation due to the corruption of the church and Ruther translated the Latin Bible into his mother language and Calvin had enthusiasm for Christian education. The Christian education at the morden age negated the Church intervention in education under the sourerainty of the church and came to bring about the overall changes of school education in accordance with the principle of the separation of religion and politics ( Church and state ) on institutional basis. The movement for the Sunday school at the modern age began to guide the wandering children arising from the Industrial Revolution that enable the low-wage workers capable of operating simple machinery to find their job as the skilled worker retreated owing to the invention of machinery. Educational process included reading, spelling (orthography) Biblical study, catechistic study, etc. Thirdly, the history of the Protestant church in Korea began with Rev.Underwood belonging to the Presbyterian church and Rev.Apenseller belonging the Methodist church making formal entry into korea in 1985, the day of the Easter. Its first main task took precedence over the cultivation of talented persons. The age of Japanese inperialism began with Japan's annexation of korea in 1910, and the church underwent the period of hardships, After a liveration from Japan, Korean church education withnessed a turhing point, but education movement in the church was not active from 1945 to the 1950s. YWCA, YWCA and mission meetings came to concentrate every effort for another take-off. The Church spent the period of revival in the 1960s. and the 1970s, that hardships and the golden period intersected, and paid attention to the training of Church teachers and the publication of textbook throgh the rediscovery of the church. The Korean church, entering. the stable period, has made quantitively remarkable progress since the 1970s, but has not arrive at its quantitive development qualitively. In the 1990s, the Korean church has been attenpting to make balanced development slowly in terms of social education and preaching. Fourthly, since changes continue to take place in an adolescent period before physical development is balanced, physical unbalance appears seriously. And emotional development in this period tends to induce a temproary un stable state, but the tendency for adolscents to concentrate or one thing due to the large range of its change will happen. These several emotional characteristics are influenced by physical changes, and often become the cause for forming religious traits, Adolescents desire to think of religion as the form of belief helpful to themselves and bringing about changes to themselves, and want practical service and behavior rather than philosophical and dogmaticones. As social characteristics, they have the introvert nature of self-centeredness at the same time as progressive orientation. They have the propensity to observe social orders at the sametimes as disobeying them. Fithly, The problem the church has in guiding adolescents is that church education is perceived by adolescent to have little bearing on them as the church carries out religious education far away from the interests the adolescents have. And, as the reality is that the church does not have specific instructional plans on the phenomena outside the church that they are encountering, the phenomenon is happening that adolescent, depart from the church for the church does not meet their spiritual and cultural desires. the church is giving more administrative support to the older generation than the guidance of adolescents and having more concern for economically stable adults. The operation of the instructional programs on adolescents by the church is consistently in a peace-at any-price principle, and the church keeps an eye on them with its problematic vision, not in its hopeful position. So there is no idea of specific works that adolescents can do with in the church, are insufficient teacher, that can instruct them through an understanding of their world and psychology and the church is neglecting any invesement in excavating a textbook sixthly, the remedial measure for the problem of church instruction of adolescents, is to have to train the teacher who can understand their world and psychology and instruct them, with a new insight, who feel that church education is staying away from their desires and needs. The church should rightly educate adolescents as to the cultural heritage of the church and the belief and instruct them to establish their right valueview through wholesome activities with in the church. The church should supplement Vulnerability to adolescents, not intervening in their action and thinking, with attention paid to adolescents, excavate the apporpriate program such as the small group movement, and textbooks for the purpose of the sincerity of human relations and individual grouth and development, and instruct them actively. Since individuals vary in their church activities in accordance with facilities and environmental conditions, the church should devote investment to fostering church facilities and church educational environments for their purpose.