게슈탈트 治療를 土臺로 한 舞踊療法에 대한 硏究

Abstract

The dance therapy has been highlighted since the World War II due to its absolute necessity as a way of treatments for patents, who were mentally and emotionally suffering from aftereffects of the war. It needed a treatment focused on both mind and the body, and consequently many dancers including Marian Chace began to be interested in a therapeutic function of dance. Since then the dance therapy has been gradually developed to a clinical art and stands firm its status today as a therapeutic way as its effects are being recognized by patients who suffer from mental and emotional uneasiness. It's possible for the dance to stand its position firm in therapeutic level because it has been studied based on distinct theories of psychoanalysts such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. The Gestalt therapy is also giving high satisfactory results to mentally suffering patients in various forms in Western countries. The Gestalt therapy is a psychotherapy started by the German medical scientist, Fritz S. Perls to help mentally-disordered people to have intrinsic realization of their contacts with external environment and further to resuscitate their will of existential living. Therefore, in this study, models of the dance therapy are suggested for mentally-disordered people at early stage based on the Gestalt therapy, and the effects of the dance therapy would be promoted by inducing them to reveal their blocked emotional expression, which is a characteristic of the patients at early stage, caused by lack of self-confidence through movements. According to results of the study, the model consists of warming-up exercises, individual therapy, and group therapy, and specially the warming-up exercises consist of basic motions and motions to help to promote flexibility in order to release alway hardened muscles and tensions, and to get rid of any obstacle in freely expressing their emotions by moving their bodies prior to entering therapies by individual and group. Two types of model are suggested in the individual therapy to help them to find their another selves, which they themselves avoid and hide, by contacting unconsciously potentiated characters, and consequently techniques of emotional and physical awareness, exaggerating, facing are applied to. Treatment by group is to make their personal relations be matured, to reduce isolated feeling through the relationship and familiarity, and especially to make them realize their problems and the problems be highlighted through actions of others and their response to them in a group in order to unify their problems. Four types of model are suggested, to which dances, unification of extremes, imagination and dream of Gestalt therapeutic techniques are applied. As a way of composing therapeutic hours for individual and group therapies suggested here, it is set to necessarily includes warming-up exercises and to choose either individual or group therapy, or carry out both. But most of all, it should be depend on feeling, condition and state of the time in accordance with psychological or physical state of each patient. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to help mentally-disordered people at early state to solve and unify their problems through these models of warming-up, individual therapy, and group therapy to promote their health in physical and emotional.