國際 開放化에 따른 韓國農業 保護政策에 關한 硏究

Abstract

The main purpose of this dissertation is not only to minimize the effects of agricultural open-door policy to domestic market but also to help stabilization of domestic economy and improvement of farmers'income. Therefore, I framed a theory based upon those books and articles related to the topic of this research and then, I showed many statistical data from relatives institutions to agriculture. There is, I utilized foreign and domestic researches, related statutes of GATT and statistical datas for the purpose of this study. In the processes of this study, I got the conclusions as follow. First, In orther to protect Korean agreculture in the protectionism of international trade, I think that it is needed to improve farmers'income by cultivation of special industrial, and accomplish institutional counterplans for rural exodus and fix agrcutural culture concerned about regional specialities. Second, there could be governments'subsidies for domestic production and reasonable prices and besides, some detailed policies to remove the price-down phenomenon by over supply of agriculture products. Third, It seems that we need specialized professional agriculturalization by machinalization and cultivation of crops for special uses because the structual seakness of Korean agricultural is induced from familization and variety lack of specialization from the above three points, I could reached the conclusions as follows. In september 1986, Beginning from declaration of GATT minister at Punta Del Este, Uruguay, Uruguay Round Conference was taken the leadership by agricultural product-export countries, for example, America and now, We can not avert agricultural open-door policy to these countries. Therfore, There would be institutional policies of protection of domestic agriculture from foreign's. First of all, we can use tariff-policy to protect domestic agriculture by adjustment of basic tariff rate and renovate tariff system to set stability of supply-demand structure and equal development of domestic industries. And then, there would be appropriate policies for compensation of domestic agricultural damages by the increase of imports. Another alternatives for the protection of domestic agriculture is non-tariff policy and subsidy policy. Subsidy policies for agriculture is classified into 4 types, that is, price-supporting, direct-income supporting, indirect-income supporting and general service. The direction of our agricultural protection policy for preparing open door import to foreign products will be examined in order to guarantee famers'income and competitiveness in the range of internatinal approval available as follows. First, In the case that all subsidies are treated as package and diminished by AMS measurement instrument, Government's assistance would be magnified for support of agricultural market and price. Second, if GATT statutes of agricultural subsidy restrict to payments of subsidy in order to stabilize production and price, Beneficiaries of our agricultural subsidy-support policy would be converted to assistance systems for agriculture services and structure adjustment for improvement of productivity. Third, primary purpose of agriculture policy must be laid on support of farmers' income . Fourth, there must be decoupling farm programs for low-income farmers whose income is below average farmer's income within consumer's surplus.