국가 재난관리 선진화를 위한 발전방향 연구

Abstract

In a modern society with the development of industrial society, when an artificial disaster - for example unseen and terrifying 9/11 terrorism - occurs, it may cause damage to a situation that is equivalent to war. As a natural disaster such as typhoon, earthquake, etc has a tendency toward getting large in size and its complexity, a similar form of crisis situation so that the damage runs into astronomical numbers. Therefore, a national level measure should be required. Applying to a comprehensive security concept, our country has dealt with various kinds of disasters under the category of national crisis. And enacting a fundamental law in regard with disasters and safety, diverse disasters were managed by Central Safety and Management Committee in an integrated manner in 2004. According to this, Military capability to handle disasters regarding domestic one becomes an important factor as same as national defense that is seen as a traditional mission that Military has. Based on the professionalized knowledge rather than high technology that the military possesses, Military plays an active role in performing domestic and foreign stability by ensuring public lives and their safety. The purpose of this thesis is to study the contribution to advancement of national disaster management by taking a close look into a role of military by establishing disaster support by military that links to national disasters in order to correspond to our reality and set for a common understanding of the whole army in analyzing domestic and foreign forces capability of disaster support, and by enhancing the supporting capability of national disaster to relate national crisis management and national disaster management based on the theory of disaster when the national disasters occur. As a result of the study, issues are as follows. First, In legal and systematic aspect, the national disaster management was transformed into a form of integrated management, but it is divided into two levels, the Minister of National Defense and the Republic of Korea Joint Chiefs of Staff. Some of the rule of law and its regulation about the timing of support by military unit and its procedure were not unified, and there was a matter of grave concern to make it confuse with the national defense which is primary mission of military due to use of military fundamental mission terms about the disasters. Second, In work execution and education & training aspect, disaster related work performance capability was insufficient. That is, organizations and its personnel dealing with disasters are not enough and command and communication system are not satisfying. In addition, the establishment of a concept about the military responsibility in area of operations and the employment of reserve forces is required and there was no connection with national disaster management system, subject of education and task selection are not appropriate in terms of disaster related education and time of education was insufficiently arranged. Third, In securing resources and budget aspect, they don't have proper equipments and materials that correspond to the missions and feature of rescue units for disasters. Besides, there was no criterion of equipments for restoration by its cases and its materials. Last but not least, an item for disaster and safety management was newly created to secure the budget required for the reinforcement of military preventive measures for disasters and its supporting capability in 2007. However, a short amount of financial budget was reflected in comparison with the initial requirement so that there was a limitation for pushing ahead with advancement of the national disaster management. Thus, below are the things to be improved for the betterness of a role of military and its supporting capability about the national disaster. First, in order to build up military support for disasters connected with national disasters, i) it needs to construct one to one correspondence military structure connected with national disaster management to strengthen disaster support organization and coordination, needs to unify disaster control phase with administrative offices at the second phase, and needs to make a single control and communication system at the scene of the disaster. ii) For the integration of military disaster management, works needs to be divided into two so that ROK JCS copes with unit employment and ROK MND deals with political issues. iii) Military disaster management system should interface with the national system and the system needs to be automatized in accordance with unified menu by echelons. iv) In terms of the employment of forces in area of responsibility and reserves forces, we authorize the chief of local self-governing administration to organize, train, and employ the forces in area of responsibility, but we present a range that doesn't go beyond the military primary and fundamental mission execution. Second, in order to enhance military support capability of national disaster, i) establish disaster support principle and a standard of judgement, ii) utilize anticipation and venerability analysis technique about military management in an active manner, iii) reset the authorization standard about securing equipment and materials that correspond to the characteristics of general, expert, search and rescue unit missions and its securing options were presented, iv) and finally reinforce education and training in respond to extension of disaster education and unit conditions and disaster related budget securing options were presented. Since we focused on the current military related disaster work, we were indifferent in presenting study on social disaster based on system of infrastructure paralysis & spread of contagious disease and systematic & professional options about securing budgets. There was a limitation to figure out the exact reality with outcomes from the study through bibliography in case of foreign military. However, it is meaningful in that we were trying an integrated approach to disaster management of our military by analyzing military roles and its supporting capability for the advancement of national disaster management after the start of National Emergency Management Agency and the enactment of fundamental law regarding disaster and safety in spite of the limitation of study illustrated above.