現代 敎育自治制의 問題點과 그 改善方案에 관한 硏究

Abstract

This study emphasized on the problems and the improvement schemes of current educational autonomous system. The conclusions are as follow. First, in current educational autonomous system, the Educational Board is independent from local assembly and general administrative body as a legislative organ. It deliberates and decides major policies on local education, and has a superintendent for an executor. By excluding educational board member or chairman from the head of local autonomous group, independence of local educational administration is ensured compared to other systems in the past. But as he should seek for cooperation with general administrative body, a kind of council, i.e., the Council of Local Educational Administration (tentative) is necessary on deputy group leader (deputy governor, deputy superintendent) level. Secend, to induce participation of people into the autonomous system, direct election is more appropriate than current 2-time indirect one for selecting board members. This is also proper in securing political neutrality let alone in the spirit of legislation. Third, voting right for educational, art & science regulations, supervising/investigating right on educational administration, initiative for education, and voting/settling right for budget that current local assembly has should be transferred to the Educational Board. Fourth, superintendent's priority when there is a delay in the Board decision, or the law in which a superintendent should bring a lawsuit to the Supreme Court to abolish a Board decision should be readjusted in step with time and democracy. Fifth, centralization of education weakens local autonomous administration and makes centralization stronger. Therefore, in principle, it should give legislative, juridical supervision only when there's hinderance in public interests, and violation or evident unfairness in the affairs commissioned to cause at the same time, administrative supervision must not go beyond non-authorative guidance and cooperative relationship in terms of the nation. Educational democracy will be accomplished when autonomous groups operate the educational, art & science affairs of the local by themselves based on their spirit of autonomy. Sixth, to secure personnel self-regulation for educational autonomy, the central government should minimize its involvement in personnel management of the local as possible, and promote specialty instead. As the work and its characteristics in nearly professional departments are made in general uniformly for the Educational Board and the Office of Education as well as the Ministry of Education, original classification must be established based on specialty. Seventh, in other to make local governments be more financially independent and to systematize financial support, local autonomous groups' responsibilities and roles about related laws/regulations (constitution, educational law, law of educational autonomy, and law of local autonomy) need to be obvious. While encouraging voluntary national participation in educational activities and officially utilizing funds from local companies or parents of students, in the long term, local tax revenue so that they should heighten the financial independence of local government. Educational autonomy shall be succeeded only when the Educational Board, a representative organization of local people, is secured of the right of independent finances, and when there are legislative, institutional devices made to ensure autonomous execution and evaluation as well as independent deliberating/voting rights on educational finances.