韓國에서의 自由民株主義 受容.展開에 관한 一考察

Abstract

Western Liberal Democracy, which is an ideology system consisting of essential elements such as liberty, equality, forbearance and principle of majority rule. Many of the third developing nations, postwar, tried to introduce Western Liberal Democracy. Unfortunately, it was hard to become fixed Democracy of Western Style and the market economy system at the same time. Though Republic of Korea likewise the third developing nations introduced Western Liberal Democracy as a national ideology after liberation, people in power overemphasised logic of anti-Communism in order for them to protect Liberal Democracy. The crippled operation resulted from it. Keeping in mind those kinds of circumstances, observing direction which Liberal Democracy should go forth in future and trace introduced and developed Liberal Democracy in Republic of Korea is meaningful thing in becoming fixed Liberal Democracy of Korean Style. I Liberal Democracy starting from classical Liberal Democracy in 17th century and 18th century is a kind of system which is able to demonstrate grow, and nurture potential energy and moral individuality of each person. Therefore, E. Baker said that "Dictatorship should justify its existence by achievements, however, its continued existence itself become important contribution to a Democratic form of government. Liberal Democracy through the process of historic has been kept developing Democracy of protection, Democracy of extension, and Democracy of equilibrium. In near future, it should be converted into Democracy of participation. However, a question is the way how to overcome the upper most limit which theory of Liberal Democracy contains in itself. C. B. Macpherson emphasises change of view of man is indispensable to surmounting those problems caused by between the greatest of utility and the greatest of power which Western Liberal Democracy has. II Even though Western Liberal Democracy was accepted as national ideology of Republic of Korea after liberation, in those days, all sorts of given condition was incapable in order to keep applying and developing Western Liberal Democracy under the political climate involving phenomenon of authorianism. In particular, under the tension of the cold war between the two camps of the East and the West since The Second Wold War, the Korean Peninsula being cut in two had no choice but to accept accute political system confronted with each other between the South and the North. In Republic of Korea, anti-Communism ideology took the initiative, and people grasping power jumped their thought into logic which can damage Liberal Democracy for holding anti-Communism. Namely, the regime of Lee, Seung Man Justified political situation of authorianism by holding anti-Communism as a ruling idea, and the regime of Park, Jeong Hee taken the leadership by 5·16 Military Revolution presented national security and the modernization of fatherland as ideology of moral obligation to justify for itself, denying April 19th Student Revolution which advocated overthrow and cleanse of authorianism. However, enlarged the middle classes by the modernization of fatherland, assertion of civilians requiring politicak freedom and economic equilibrium since 1980's strongly come to the fore, and aggresive challenge of the left-wing helped, taking advantage of these circumstances Society was extremely in disorder, and proclmation of Democratization came out on June. 29, 1987 while the political situation still face on uncertainty. 6.29 Proclmation is a kind of reformation measures which showed that the party in political power accepted a request of democratization of people and accomplished political develoment directed to Democratism by forming national mutual consent. III Republic of korea, above all, has difficulty in realizing Liberal Democracy harder than any other country in the world because of the state of tension with North Korea. Besides party in political power and the nation were insufficiency in a liberal mode of living in the vortex of power, and deepening the gulf between rich and poor in the process of economic growth, a portion of the nation became estranged. It appeared on the stage of social problem. Speak a word, the point of realization of our Liberal Democracy was in fact that all sorts of the given state of political reality was decifiency in the given condition being able to keep developing Liberal Democracy. However, Republic of Korea has been converting premodern social structure and social culture into modern cultural structure of present, and the nation have strong will and belief in realizing Liberal Democracy. That Republic of Korea accepted Western liberal Democracy is since half century ago. Liberal Democracy is not an exquisite ideology which has content of doctrinism. It does nothing but have the minimum content of conference of politic, economy, and social culture. Nowadays, it's the overriding view of what dismantlement and collapse of the system of socialism in Eastern Europe prove the superiority of Liberal Democracy. Now, it's a key point for liberal Democracy of Republic of Korea to solve and practice rupture and discord of society with not authorianism of surpression and exclusion but rational method of conversation and forbearance. A sovereign remedy of Liberal Democracy depends on his or her ability how to use Liberal Democracy. We should inscribe it can be differently presented bigger or smaller.