韓國 纖維産業의 構造的 問題點과 改善方案에 關한 硏究

Abstract

1. Purpose and method of study Textile industry in Korea has achieved high-growth up to now by dint of good labor forces, increasement of import from advanced countries according to conversion of their industrial structure and government's policy to support exporting. However, now it faces severe difficuilties by strengthening of the advanced countries' import-regulation, under-developed countries' participation in exporting fields and stagnation of domestic demands owing to market depression. Such difficulty may be said to a industrial structural problem rather than a temporary situation. Accordingly, unless it is solved, we will meet severe delema also in the country's level. This treatise aims presenting a political alternatives with investigating and analyzing the situation. 2. Current situation of textile industry in Korea. Total number of textile companies in Korea amounts to 12.348, and they are consisted of clothing enterprises 41.4%, silk fabrics ones 35.6% and chemical fiber and spinning ones less than 4%. Employment effect ratio of textile fields in domestic industries marks 15.8% in manufacturing parts, 15.4% in added value-production and 24.4% in exporting. The advanced countries once had a priority in textile industries has losed competitive power according to the developing countries' pursuit and especially far eastern countries Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong have been striving to improve the system of industry in order to enhance the competitive power. However, the advanced countries, having made import-regulation since 1960 year, regulates separately regarding textile products made in the developing countries according to MFA provisions. Textile technics in our country is mainly consisted of technical training pursuant on introduction of foreign countries' facility and most of them has weighted on that of mass-production. But now, owing to evasion of technics-transfer from the advanced countries, shortage of research funds and insufficiency of accumulated technics, the differentials of technics to the advanced countries becomes great day after day. 3. Problems in textile industry The problems of textile industries in Korea may be said the followings. First, disproportion of capacity, facility, technics between each enterprise by the underdevelopment of production-structure. Second, fragility of related industries. Third, out-worn equipment. Fourth, by the inadequency of material-development, variety of products and high-quality corresponding to the change of demands, are not realized. Fifth, insuffiency of fassion design-development. Sixth, weakening of international competitive power. 4. Device for improvement of textile industry's structure So to speak the importance of textile industry, in order to maintain international competitive power and rationalize the textile industry with growth-contribution and earning of foreign currency and effectness of employment, adjustment of strictures would be urgent as follow. First, enhancement of productivity. For this, change of out-worn facility and introduction of newest facility must be fulfilled as well as through throughfulness of quality-control, improvement of operating method, establishment of standard operating method and introduction of new technics and processing, diminution of inferiority ratio and enhancement of productivity must be schemed. Second, establishment of research-institute for composite textile technics. Based on technical institute established by the largest enterprise and textile professional technical institute of small and medium enterprise, supporting of technical development must be planned. Third, introduction of technics and its development by themselves. The technics must be emphasized on high-value production and efficient manufacturing system. Fourth, improvement of exporting market. Hereinafter, diversity of exporting market and the structures of export-market centering around with circulating accommodations must be accomplished. Fifth, propulsion of enlarging overseas investment. For the purpose of this, it needs new market mediation of funds, information-providing of employment matters. Sixth, exploitation of new materials. In order to exploit new materials, it must strive to select and develop the items through investigating the demand of new technics. Seventh, development of fassion design. There needs establishment of design-information center and must support fassion show, international academic meeting. Eightth, upbringing of dyeing processing industry. As our dyeing industry is pautry, drilling of scientific technics, training and cultivating of experts must be executed. 5. Conclusion Textile industry in Korea began from exporting alternative business in 1950s and with growing to a exporting industry in 1960s, it contributed greatly to the improvement of citizen's life and to the betterment of international income and outgo. However, latest industry faces rapid environmental change inward and outward. Its main factors may be said shortage of labor powers, rising trend of wages, inflation. Nevertheless our country has a sufficient potentiality in capacity, facility equipment and labor power, what we can't extend the textile industry is a country's loss and a dissipation of our sources. In view of the importance of textile industry, that is growth-contribution to the country, earnings of foreign currency and employment-effectness, for the maintenance and strengthening of international competitive-power and industry-rationalization, authomatization of facilities and throughful quality-control are urgent.