韓國 農村福祉政策의 評價에 관한 硏究

Abstract

It has already become an old saying that "Agriculture is the foundation of a nation." In the process of industrialization, agriculture has been alienated lost the place to stand on in a society which is oriented to commerce and industry, and bogged down in the deep loss of hope, as it has been disregarded. However, as agriculture provides us with food which is indispensible for living, it be should compensated for by the welfare policy. The international situation is that the era of competition has come in a market economy with the launch of the WTO system, but the agriculture in Korea is very vulnerable. Nowadays, the government is concentrating every energy on the policy for the securing of national competitiveness in agriculture and for the improvement of its structure. It is the critical job in increasing the efficiency of the agricultural policy to evaluate the national agricultural policy, and this thesis is expected to become an opportunity to supplement the current vulnerable agricultural policy. For this purpose, an attempt was made to evaluate the peasant welfare policy in Korea in order to find the problems and ways to improve the agricultural policy of Korea which is currently implemented. The objectives were to strengthen the international competition ability and to improve the structure of Korean agriculture under the WTO system. The social welfare should be constructed more actively and broadly. The way of passive support for humans to maintain their minimum subsistence level in a society should be broken and the agriculture should be perceived as an indispensible industry and the increase of competition ability through income assurance in the agricultural village of Korea should become the foundation for peasant welfare. Furthermore, peasant welfare policy should provide support for agriculture to be capable of growing as an industry. For this purpose, an attempt was made to evaluate income assurance policy, living security policy and health policy among diverse peasant welfare policies, appling the evaluation theory of N. Gelbert and H. Sparest. As a result, several problems and ways of improvement were elicited as follows : There are numerous problems on peasant welfare policy. First of all, as the peasantry are not classified in a reasonable way, it produce problems in selecting the beneficiaries. Secondly, because all kinds of policies are oriented to business type, specialization and standardization are not accomplished in accordance with persons and special items. Thirdly, as the operation of financial resources is not unified, the efficiency of financial investment decreases. Fourthly, as the implementing agencies are intricately intertwined, it is difficult to expect the consistency and efficiency of administration. Accordingly, the ways to improve the situation are suggested as follows: First of all, for the selection of the objects of the government support, the peasantry should be divided into groups Like ① peasants intended for agricultural support, ② elderly peasants intending retirement, and ③ peasants intending job change. Agricultural policy should be provided for peasants intended for agricultural support predominantly. At the same time measures should be taken for elderly peasants intending retirement and peasants intending job change. Secondly, for peasants intended for agricultural support, person-oriented agricultural policy preponderantly should be developed rather than business-oriented policy. For peasants intending retirement or job change, the welfare system guaranteeing retirement and vocational education should be implemented as the object of beneficiaries on a multifaceted basis. Thirdly, in regard to the operation of financial resources, competition ability should be increased by transforming the diverse investment methods into the intensive investment method to the peasants intended for agricultural support. By making the management of financial resources efficient through the setup of the specialized body to manage it, the efficiency of agricultural policy will be increased. Fourthly, establishing an agency which implements diverse agricultural ploicy is desirable. nowadays, important decisions are made by the administration department while finacial loans are performed by the associations of agriculture, fisheries and livestock. And the district offices of the Agriculture Depertment provide technical direction and information for peasants. It is desirable to increase the efficiency of agricultural policy by unifying those agencies into one agency, establishing an agency like the technical planning corps and allowing it to perform agricultural policy.