韓國國防體制의 改善方案

Abstract

In the age of detente, the idea of the National Security is getting more important and the international relations is forming new order. But, the National Defense System cannot help depending on the concept of the Military Security. At present, the characteristics of the New International Order is very complex. We can call it 'the Age of international disorder' and multiple. The new international circumstances demand each country to prepare for the possible threat to national security. The modern defense system pursues the unification system. The National Defense means the organization or the system for the nation to organize and utilize the military power, the means against threat and aggression for the existence of nation. The National Defense System of these days is established to realize national interest and guarantee the existence of nation. All modern nations keep the unique national defense systems according to its characteristics, size and the national security policy. On the other hand, the System of War Guidance consists of the Cabinet Council and the National Security Council as the National Supreme Organization in charge of planning and execution of national security projects at war or non-war. But although the System of War Guidance must be always prepared for any possible war, there are many problems including the problem that both the Cabinet Council and the National Security Council don't have the ability to coordinate military and non-military areas. The purpose of this study is to find out the deficiency of the Korean National Defence System in the aspect of the system of Guidance of War and to suggest the alternative defence system. This study is composed of 5 chapters. The introduction of chapter 1 describes the purpose and research method. Chapter 2 closely inspects the related theory of national defence system and war guidance system. Chapter 3 finds out the problem of Korean Defence System and chapter 4, 5 deal with the improvements and alternative defence system. I think the present Korean Defence System has many problems. Firstly, the Cabinet Council and the National security Council have not adequate functions for national mobilization at the the time of war, and the decision-making processes of the Councils lack rationality. Secondly, the present system is not congruent with the principle of civilian control. Thirdly, the present service/force parallel and unified command system is inefficient in military operation at war, because of the complex command system. Fourthly, it wants of balance between each forces. The army forces takes 82% of the whole personnel power. Lastly, it lacks efficient management. This paper suggests that the function of the National Security Council should be strengthened. And the principle of civilian control should be established through recruitment of civilian Minister of National Defence. The command system should have flat structure and the army force, navy and air force should establish the balance of power. Finally, I suggest the modified service/force parallel system, in which Unified Commander has intensified operational control to operations headquarters of each forces and the service function flows from the Ministry of National Defence to military headquarters. This alternative system would be of great service to the principle of civilian control and enable efficient military operation and management.