韓國 國民年金制度의 改善方案에 關한 硏究

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze problems of current our national pension system, and to suggest its reform measures to help Koreanized national pension system be established well-matched with the situations of our politics, economy, society and culture. Advanced nations have experienced trials and errors to implement their pension systems. In order to implement our pension program without experiencing those trials and errors experienced by them, we have to closely study about pension systems of advanced nations such as the U.S.A., Germany and France along with ours. To analyze each country's pension system, the welfare systems of our country and other countries were compared and analyzed dividing 4 fields based on analytical specification of welfare policy suggested by Gilbert Specht. The 4 fields include object of application, kind and level of pension allowance, fund resources and fund management or administration. Status and problems of our national pension system were found out and reform measures by the findings were suggested. Firstly, in the object of application, the age of member should be lowered from 18 to 15. Also, for measure of pension summing up system by occupational transfer between public pension systems, introduction of joined period summing up system between public pensions, connection of computer networks, review and reform of pension calculation system, and merging or closing overlapped pension functions should be included. Secondly, in the kind and level of pension allowance, 20 year basic member period of the national pension and extension of beneficiaries of senior pension are needed, following trends of consistent decrease of defendant population and raised retirement age. Thirdly, in fund resources, as a structure measure, insurance rate of pension, currently fixed at 9% of standard insurance rate should be gradually raised and allowance repayment of all insured amount, which currently occupies most allowance, should be withdrawn. Also, current payable collections based on monthly income which decides income of members in accordance with self-assessed report should be fundamentally modified because it's hard to exactly find out hidden income of self-employed people in city. In order to normally function income decision system based on the self-assessed report system in either social welfare or tax systems, measures to prevent reports with dropped income, programs to distinguish insincere income reporters, and rationally objective measure to adjust when fraud reports arises should be prepared. Lastly, by improving fund administration system, members of pension management committee should be professionally consisted to manage fund in stable and the number of members increased to monitor the fund management. At the same time, in performance of fund, environment to raise specialty of pension corporation with its autonomy should be prepared. Professional investment body within the corporation should be also needed to take care and manage the fund efficiently. Through reform of the national pension system in developmental way as the above, our pension system can be developed as one of healthy and stable national welfare systems. Basically the system should be met in nationwide national pension era by properly establishing the system well-matched with the situations of our politics, economy, society and culture.