維新體制의 國家性格에 關한 硏究

Abstract

I. The Purpose of Study The bureaucratic-authoritarianism theory defines the political system of the Third world today. The democratic system has been collapseddue to the sudden economic growth in the Newly-Industrializing countrie(NICs), and examples in which the politically unstable bureaucratic-authoritarian system have emerged due to coup coupd'etat have frequently occurred. This Study made an attempt to clefine the nature of state in the Yushin [Revitalizing Reforms] system with the bureaucratic-authoritarian system for a background. Accordingly, this syudy, through projecting the bureaucratic-authoritarian systems emerged in Latin American states and the Yushin [Revitalizing Reforms] system during the period of the 1960s to the 1970s into the theoretical process of Guilleromo A O'Donnell, aims at researching how the political system of the time was structured, linked to the economic-social fluctuations or exerted an influence upon such variations. II. The Theoretical Orientation of Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism. O'Donnell key theory on bureaucratic-authoritarianism is that economic crisis arising from industrialization for import substitution lead to the increased political participation of the masses group and the crisis of olomestic political situation attributed to the political activation of this mass group leads to the launching of the reactionary bureaucratic-authoritarian system for promating the political and social orders of the conservative group and the growth of economy. And the Deepening of a series of political and economic changes which will occur after the bureaucratic-authoritarian political power is in power is almostclirectly proportional to how far the masses group would threaten the established order. II. The Approved Factors of the Yushin [Revitalizing Reforms] system. The approved factors of the Revitalizing Reforms system can be analyzed in four aspects. First, the need for the reform of the existing system was confronted due to the enhancement of crisis consciousness and the hypertrophy of state power and the legitimacy to legalize the will of caming into long-term power was carried out: from the political and economic perspective. Second, the political attitude of the middle class in Korea showed a conservative inclination due to the quantitative growth of economy while the labor movement was gradually spread due to the unequality of income distribution among the laborers from a perspective of social structure. And the reform of the established system was needed as the rally of denunciation against the illegal election and the movement of blocking the constitutional amendment for election from the third term was raised up, beginning with the movement of objecting to Korean-Japanese Talks for the students as well. Third, the authoritarian political culture have become deep-seated in Korean society by reason of the effect of confucianism and the legacy of the colonial domination of Japanese imperialist police state from a perspective of cultural psychology. Fourth, the need for the reform of the existing system was confronted due to the rise of concilatory mood of the international situation and the increase of tension between divided South and North Korea from an environmental perspective. N. Conclusion The factor for Park's regime to facilitate the in reform the system of the time most was the political situation, and economic crisis and social problem played a synergistic role, and the historic factor and the international factor was workedout as background factors. The way to terminate these crises fundamentally was to reform the existing authoritarian system into the oppressive political system and so the Yushin [Revitalizing Reforms] system was proclaimed in 1970.