貧困兒童 學業成就志向性의 決定要因에 관한 實證的 硏究

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore various environmental factors that explain poverty children's academic achievement orientation. Those factors considered are general characteristics of poor family, stress perceived by the mother, mother's child rearing behavior. In this study, it is hypothesized that characteristics of poor family, stress perceived by the mother, and mother's child rearing behavior may have direct and/or indirect effects on children's academic achievement orientation. A total of 114 poor mothers with a child attending elementary school in Seoul completed a structured questionnaire. The data from the questionnaire was analyzed with the statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, t- test, one-way ANOVA, correlation, and regression, by using SAS program. Path analysis was used to determine variables influencing the academic achievement orientation of poverty children in low- income families under the National Basic Livelihood Security System. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, mothers' stress perception, warmth- acceptance child rearing behavior, and rejection- restriction child rearing behavior are found to have significant direct influence on children's achievement orientation. The permissive- nonintervention style of child rearing was not significant. Second, among characteristics of the poor family, the level of education of poor mothers indirectly affected children's sense of superiority through rejection- restriction child rearing behavior. Mothers' state of employment was positively related to both dimensions of children's academic achievement orientation via stress perception and child rearing behavior. The family income had a negative impact via warmth- acceptance child rearing behavior on the children's education. Third, poor mothers experienced a moderate level of stress which is strongly related to children's academic achievement orientation. The level of stress directly affected children's sense of confidence. Stress was also found to have indirect effects on both dimensions of children's academic achieve me nt orientation through child rearing behavior. Fourth, this study showed that the private lesson is an universal phenomenon in Korea. Even the poorest families were spending a considerable mount of money on the extracurricular activities. The amount of income spent on the private lesson affected through the warmth- acceptance child rearing behavior on both dimensions of children's academic achievement orientation. The results obtained from the study confirm that the environmental factors play important roles in determining indirectly the children's academic achievement orientation, with the mediating role of stress perception and child rearing behavior of mothers in poverty. Therefore, to enhance the poverty children's academic achievement, social welfare policies designed to provide poor families with the support and education programs are needed.