도시성장관련 지목을 이용한 수도권의 공간구조 변화분석에 관한 연구

Abstract

Since in the middle of 1980's, the Korean government has developed many new towns at the outside of Seoul as a part of a neutralizing measure in the metropolitan area. This policy had have an impact a lot in terms of density of population, residential area, productive activities, employment structure, and etc. It has, however, resulted in disparity in society such as population density, rising of land price and environmental problems. In this context, the main objective of this study is to find major causes bringing irregular urbanization by measuring the changing characters of the urban spatial structure in Seoul metropolitan area in order to solve these problems. To this end, a spatial scope of the study was defined that the metropolis of Seoul, Incheon city, Gyeonggi province is to analyze the changes and a specific character of the spatial structure in the metropolitan area. The 6 urban land categories that are related to urban growth such as land for building, factory, school, religion, park and road were used to analyze the urban growth factors by using a change analysis of urban boundary distance and a gradient analysis of urban density based on the physical or institutional characters of the surrounded areas from the Seoul city. The temporal scope of the paper is defined from 1976 to 2006 to see the speed of expansion to outer block. Especially, this paper introduced a definition "Urban boundary distance" for the first time to measure the spread speed. To analyze the changes of a urban density gradient in 1996 and 2006, the metropolitan area was divided into 4 zones. Moreover, urban growth factors like the housing number, the factory number, the case of building approval(area), the total conversion area of land registration were used to analyze a inter- relationship through multiple regression analysis. The analysis based on the study's methodology and the scope can be summarized the following; Firstly, the analysis showed that the metropolitan area was increased with 11.83㎞ from 21.49㎞ in 1976 to 33.32㎞ in 2006. In case of Seoul, it was increased as many as 23.4% from 9.78㎞ in 1976 to 12.78㎞ in 2006 and also Incheon was increased with 51.6% regarded as the most expansion city among the metropolitan area from 4.83㎞ in 1981 to 9.99㎞ in 2006. In Gyeonggi province, it was increased with 35.5% from 17.95㎞ in 1976 to 27.83㎞ in 2006. The city shape factor in the metropolitan area was analyzed with 0.42 while 0.64 in Seoul and Incheon, and 0.40 in Gyeonggi province. This factor can be estimated that many regions in the metropolitan area have been restricted for land exploitation. The cities that have a more change of urban boundary distance are shown in Yeonsu-gu in Incheon and Yongin, Whaseong, Gwangju, Paju, Namyangju in Gyeonggi. These cities are located in the more outside from Seoul than suburban areas near Seoul which means they are needed a sound development for urban planning and urban growth management. Therefore, the expansion speed of the urban boundary distance in the metropolitan area showed that the west-northern zone which has less forest or more free from land development takes speedy changes. Secondly, a urban density analysis in the metropolitan area was carried out to have a presumption on the changes in urban spatial structure. A standard score (Z-score) was used to analyze the distribution of the urban density and then a distribution chart of the density gradient in 67 cities/counties was made. In view of the gradient of population density, a spatial distribution of population density in the metropolitan area from 1996 to 2006 showed that an outskirt areas of the metropolitan were getting populated apart from 25 km from the downtown area. While a population density in the major 4 zones of the metropolitan area has a similar inclination and the population closed to central area has slightly grown compared to 1996 and also it has been spread over to outside area gradually. In terms of the gradient distribution of employment density in the metropolitan area, a distance coefficient within all period is less than '0' resulting in the decrease of the employment density as much as far from central area. It, however, is increased again in suburban area of Seoul. The cental area of employment density in 1996 is located very below compared to 2006 showing the far distance, the low density. The cental employment density in 2006 started as two times as 1996 and kept decreased. It is, however, increased in the location of 35km and then reiterated contiguously. Especially, in the case of west northern zone, it showed equal employment density until 7km from the central area in which gradient of distance density is different from other areas. Thirdly, a relation between urban growth factor and urban land category was analyzed by using a multi regression method. In 1996 and (2006), as an independent variable, the housing number was increased with 6.7%(15.9%), and 22.8%(17.7%) in the case of construction approval(area), and conversion area of land registration was increased with 13.7%(12.8%) as well triggering increase of 1%(1%) in urban category as a dependent variable. Especially, the case of construction approval(area) had an inter-relations showing that new housing were gradually supplied within the metropolitan area in 2006. A standardization factor in 2006 showed that 0.367 in the housing number, 0.435 in the case of construction approval(area), and 0.325 in conversion area of land registration is formulated respectively. It is concluded that a construction approval(area) has the lowest inter-relations compared to 1996. Synthetically, cities that have less restrictions on land development is found to be more expansion changes of urban boundary distance for land development possibility. This situation shows that land development in adjacent cities of Seoul moves into outskirt areas. In view of whole metropolitan area, the southern areas of Gyeonggi-do that have less restrictions on development and more easy access to pubic transportation resulted in increase of population and land development.