中小病院 從事者의 外部環境要因과 職務滿足要因이 離職意圖에 미치는 影響

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to elicit political suggestions for childminders to perform effective bring-up of children in a more secure and satisfied state by analyzing the relationship between the status of job environment of childminders who work for infants education institutions and their intentions to change jobs and studying as to what effects childminder's job environment has on their job changing. Specific study subjects for this purpose are as follows: Study subject 1. What is the status of childminder's job environment? Study subject 2. How are childminder's intentions to change jobs different from each other according to the types of facilities ? Study subject 3. Does childminder's job environment(work environment and work conditions, main jobs, re-education) affect their intentions to change jobs?

This study conducted the first survey for 178 childminders who were working for public, civil, corporate, household children's houses certified as 'Seoul-Typed Children's House' located in Seoul, and also conducted the second survey for 12 childminders who accepted to have interviews among the respondents of the survey. I utilized the contents of opinions stated by those childminers who were working for child-care facilities with respect to the interview results in order to support the study results. The questionnaire constitutes sub-factors that can affect their intentions to change jobs, for instance, general status(10), work environment(4), work condition(10), main business(6) and re-education(5). Among these, I referenced 「Comparison of Job Status with Job Satisfaction of Childminders According to the Types of Infants Education Institutions」written by Kim Moon Sook(2002) with respect to 'working hours' and 'general training' and prepared for the item related to 'Autonomous Scholarship of Seoul-Typed Children's House' in items related to 'Benefits Provided by Works' and main business by modifying and complementing it properly for the objects of survey with reference to 「Investigation and Evaluation of Childminer's Quality」conducted by '2010 Female Family Foundation in Seoul.' In addition, I conducted a more specific investigation in harmony with the conditions of childminders who were working at the field by preparing for the questionnaire on the basis of childminder's opinions for the installation of IPTVs carried out childcare facilities that passed an authorization of 'Seoul-Typed Children's House.' Data analyses were made using the SPSS 16.0 program in order to analyze the difference of demographic variables and through multiple regression analyses in order to find out each variable's possible effects on their intentions to change jobs. The results of analyses based on the purpose of study are as follows: First, after analyzing the status of job environment of childminders consisting of working environment(physical environment, teacher's resting hours), working conditions(working hours, levels of salary, fringe benefits and vacation), main business, re-education(employment of substitutes), I found that such factors as teacher's rest rooms, teacher's rooms, overtime working days, telecommuting working hours per week, salary satisfaction had meaningful and positive effects statistically. Thus, most of childminders were usually not satisfied with their jon environment. Second, I also found that after cross-analyzing the difference of childminder's intentions to change jobs according to the types of child-care facilities, the opinions that they had intentions to change jobs were not different from between public institutions(74.5%) and civil ones(62.6%). Three, it appeared that after investing their intentions to change jobs according to the job environment of childminders(working environment and conditions, main business, re-education) through multiple regression analyses, teacher's resting rooms, teacher's rooms, resting hours, working hours, monthly average overtime working days, telecommuting working hours per week, number of vacation days, salary satisfaction and business hours related to child-care had meaningful effects on their intentions to change jobs. Where there are no teacher's rest rooms and teacher's rooms with many days of overtime working, telecommuting working hours per week, business hours related to child-care, and less number of vacation days and unsatisfactory salaries, their intentions to change jobs increase.

We should grasp problems about the situation of childminders and find solutions in order to decrease their intentions to change jobs which are the direct causes of their changing jobs. Currently, there are many child-care policies being performed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare but, their main contents are for parents or infants only and there are no policies performed for childminders who are working for child-care facilities. It would be necessary to consider their treatment and welfare because improvement of physical environment and working conditions of infants education institutions becomes an important cause to decrease their intentions to change jobs, and it also plays an important role in terms of their welfare. First, we should pay for valid allowances of childminders at the time of the reduction of working hours and additional working, and prepare for proper salary systems differentiated according to their careers and business amount. Second, the revitalization of substitute human resources should be made in order to share excessive business by shifting, employment of substitute teachers and addition of business assistants. Third, The investment of the same level as administrative institutions in order to decrease the difference between civil child-care facilities and public ones. Fourth, We should prepare for the methods to reduce the stress of childminders by autonomous scholarship of 'Seoul-Typed Children's House and installation of IPTVs. Finally, if the guarantee of childminder's status, elevation of their social status and conversion of social awareness are secured, their intentions to change jobs would decrease and the quality of child-care would be improved at the same time.