統一을 對備한 民事作戰 發展方向

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze civil military operations in Korean War and Iraqi War. By doing so, one can carry out civil operations more effectively in North Korea while strengthening the suitable solution for recently changing operational situation. As seen from the Iraqi War, victory in recent war can be attained by military power. However, real victory cannot be achieved if public peace and opinions are not safely secured, Iraq civilians who enthusiastically welcomed the U. S. soldiers that liberated dictatorship became main factors in the increase in despoliation and other crimes within three weeks. And, since there were no measures taken to secure the human rights, Anti-American sentiments and the voices that favored the withdrawal of the U. S. troops rose. As a result, more postwar casualties occurred, and establishment of Iraqi government and security showed constant delay. Also, Korean army that transferred its operation command to the U. S. army was in dilemma. The dilemma was whether to pass the 38th parallel after the successful In-chon amphibious operation, which helped redeem Seoul city. This was due to the difference of views on North Korea. To illustrate, South Korea viewed North Korea as a lost territory that should be reclaimed where as the U.S. viewed it as a territory that must be occupied. At last, two military government officers that were sent from the UN and Korean government were each deployed by dual -structured civil affairs in Pyung-Yang city, Pyung-Ahn province resulting in failure and chaos, Efficient civil military operations became defective by different views on sovereignty problem in North Korea leading into secession of public sentiments and lack of security and aid. Also, economic disorder, forceful takeover of property, and other retaliatory actions failed to gain popular support from North Korea civilians. Therefore, by examining two cases that were provided above, special situation where Korean peninsula is divided into two separate nations can be solved using civil military operation. First is whether South Korea can independently destroy or fight back North Korea through initiative civil operations even after the redemption of operation command in the year 2012 when North Korea had already joined the UN. Second problem is how to secure public peace and opinions through civil operation after the liberation. Therefore, this study suggested civil operation development in order to cope with changing operation command and fix the problems shown in Iraqi War and Korean War. In order to follow the suggestion, one needs to develop more detailed enforcement plan and prepare five complete civil affairs: administration, security, relief, fund management, and pacification activity, In addition, enhancement of civil affair squad and civil affair personnel education is required. Civil affair personnel should be organized in a peacetime fashion so that it is in charge of training, disaster relief, PKO activities, and other civil operation development, In a wartime, everything should be provided so that civil affair personnel is guaranteed to attain public sentiment, recognize the importance of public opinion, and complete the appropriate mission. In this way one can create a special brigade that has the experience of overseas troops, Proper civil operations and psychology skills. Every military unit is trained for the combat, but not for the postwar rehabilitation. Therefore, as we learned from the Iraqi war we cannot overlook the importance of civil military operation if public sentiments and postwar damages are to be restored, It is judged that if the suggestion presented in this study is implemented, Korean Army's both current and future civil operation ability will definitely strengthen.