歐洲經濟統合과 韓國의 對應

Abstract

The EC countries are working for a "single market". Acting on the "Treaty of Rome" which was signed in 1957 and helped to establish EEC, the Member States have already removed a varity of non-barrier tariffs and tried to set up a "single market", which will guarantee a free moving of goods and services and capital among EC countries. But in 1970's, the crisis of international money and the 1st oil crisis forced each of the Ec countries to concentrate on his own economic interest. Even at that, the long economic depressions facing European countries caused by the 2nd oil shock made the full integration of EC delayed considerably. In 1980's, EC members have suffered from the low economic growth rate and the growing unemployment and the declining saving rate, which, in turn, made EC countries speed up a market without frontier. In addition to that, the sudden rise of NICs(Newly Industrialized countries) in Asia supported the speed up of a consolidated Europe. In 1985, the EC members presented the "Intermarket Public white Paper" specifying the goal of full integration by the end of 1992, which helps to establish the integrated market for goods, finance and services, and they adopted the so-called "Single European Act" in July, 1987, which is the EC's constitution. If the EC's plan to build up a integrated market by the end of 1992 succeeds, the world's biggest economic bloc, with combined Gross National Product equal to that of the U.S. and it's trade quantity amounting to a third of the whole world trade amount, come into existence. The full integration of EC would have both positive -and negative effects to the non-member countries. While some adventages such as cost saving and expansion of intermarket comming from the remov of trade barriers can be expected,it is worried that the full integration will have more negative effects on the outside countries and the strong competitiveness the EC's goods will enjoy will bloc the influx of goods from the non Member States. It is likely that EC's change of its foreign policies would have desired-and undesired effects on the export of goods from the outside countries. That the indirect import control and the quater system performed on nation -by- nation basis will be removed as EC's intermarket opens may have desired effects. But a common control system of a few sensitive items which is certain to perform will have undesired effects on the export to EC from the NICs including Korea. And it is expected that the regulation such as the certified original and the restriction of M&A and direct investment of foreign firms will be considerably intensified. While EC makes public that it will open its doors for bilateral interests in accordance with following GATT's principle, EC seems to establish a variety of obstacles to the influx of foreign goods, which the non-Members are demanding to remove. Anyway, this trend will continue and be intersified. To take countermeasures against the EC's full integration diverse polices are recommended. Whether the export of Korea will inclease or decrease have many effects on Korean economy and its living standard because Korea has long practiced the export-oriented policies. It is true that Korea's growing black-ink balance with the U.S. has continuosly increased. So, Korea is desired to expand its trade markets and EC is considered as the best alternative. EC tends to consider Korea as a high competitive country and wants a "fair trade practice" with Korea. EC is withholding GSP for Korea and tightening its restriction of the import from Korea. To prepare for the EC's change of commercial policies, the following countermeasures are recommended for Korea. The 1st, Korea is to acknowledge the importance of EC as its first potential export market. The 2nd, Korea is to seek after its trade balance with EC. The 3rd, Korea is to power its competitiveness of goods to increase its share in EC market. The 4th, Korea firms are to work through on-the-spot investment. The 5th, Korea is to increase the number of specialists on EC. The 6th, Korea is to seek after cooperation advence into the East-european countries with EC.