AHP를 이용한 정보시스템 개발업체 선정에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to provide on the selection mechanism of information system developer using the AHP. The Anaiytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), introduced by Satty T. L in the 1970s, is a decision technique that has been applied to private and public areas and to group decision problems. Saaty discussed several practical and theoretical aspects of group decision making technique using AHP. So, AHP is well suited to group decision making process and offers numerous benefits as a synthesizing mechanism in group decisions. It is one of the popular and powerful techniques for group decision making. Many DSS researchers and practitioners have pointed out that fundamental model of DSS - the lonely decision maker striding down the hall at high noon to make decision - ls true only in rare cases. The increasing complexity of socio-economic environments makes it less and less possible for a single decision maker to consider all relevant aspects of the problem. Therefore, many organizations employ groups in decision making problem and decisions are made collectively, regardless of whether the organization is public or private, national or international. Moving from a single decision maker's setting to multiple decision maker's setting introduces a great deal of complexity into the analysis. The AHP is a theory of measurement for dealing with quantifiable and/or intangible criteria that has rich application in decision theory, conflict resolutions and in models of the brains. To date, the majority of AHP applications have been in group settings. One reason for this may be that groups often have an advantage over individual when there exits a significant difference between the importance of quality in the decision and the importance of time in which to obtain the decision. Another reason may be the best alternative is selected by comparing alternative solutions, testing against selected criteria, a task ideally suited for AHP. However, the selection of information system by outside developer has increased rapidly in the last two decades, demands for information system are on the increase, and an requirements of high quality software are also needed. And yet, little research on the selection of information system developer has been done. This paper applies AHP to aid the selection of the information system developer. AHP provides strength in handling intangible factors as well as tangible factors. Therefore, it provide a comprehensive framework to cope with unstructured and strategic decision problem, such as selection of the information system developer. In this paper, the selection model is proposed with AHP. Using AHP in solving a decision problem involves four steps, step 1 : Setting up the decision hierarchies by breaking down the decision problem into a hierarchy of interrelated decision elements, step 2 : Collecting input data by pairwise comparison of decision element, step 3 : Using the "eigenvalue" method to estimate the relative weights of decision elements, step 4 : Aggregating the relative weights of decision elements to arrive at a set of rating for the decisions. In general, aggregation method employed in AHP can be largely classified into two methods: geometric mean method(GMM) and(weight) arithmetic method(WAMM). First, GMM is commonly employed in the AHP to combine the opinions of different members when they have equal weights in forming the group opinion. The procedure is to enter the geometric mean of the values provided by members into the pairwise comparison matrix and then compute the elgenvector of the positive reciprocal matrix. For example, for comparing element i with element j, if a^l_(ij), a^2_(ij)‥‥ a ^N_(ij) are the individual judgements of group members 1, 2. ‥‥‥‥‥ , N respectively, then, under the GMM, the combined judgement value to be entered in the group pairwise comparison matrix is [a^1_(12) * a^2_(12) * · · * a^N_(12)]^(1/N) Second, WAMM is onece the method which the group members evaluate the alternatives using the criteria when the priorities of alternatives in the opinion of each of the group members and the weight to be assigned to each member's opinion are available. The final group priority for any alternative A_j can be arrived at using the following formula: P_g(A_j) = ∑^n_(t=1)w_jP_j(A_j) Where: P_g(A_j); refers to group priority of alternative A_j. P_i(A_j); refers to the priority of A_j given by the member E_i. w_i; _is the weight to be attached to the preference of the member E_i. n; is the number of group members. In the case where there do not exist any clear guidelines for selection between them, two methods do not always guarantee the same group decision result. But, the result of this study has been same weight for GMM and WAMM by AHP. According to this result of study, the selection of the information system developer is selected alternative "C" about alternatives "A", "B", "C" and "D" by GMM and WAMM, respectively. This study applies AHP to the selection of the information system developer, then examples are designed only to show how to select works. The followings are some futher research areas on the basis of this dissertation. First, various input source are required to derive more realilstic operation works. It is important to search for other information system developer from private and public areas. Second, though some futher research are required, this model can be regarded as a DSS for the selection of the information system developer.